Abdu’l-Baha’s First Christmas

For a single purpose were the Prophets, each and all, sent down to earth; for this was Christ made manifest, for this did Baha’u’llah raise up the call of the Lord: that the world of man should become the world of God, this nether realm the Kingdom, this darkness light, this satanic wickedness all the virtues of heaven — and unity, fellowship and love be won for the whole human race, that the organic unity should reappear and the bases of discord be destroyed and life everlasting and grace everlasting become the harvest of mankind. – Abdu’l-Baha, Selections from the Writings of Abdu’l-Baha

I want to tell you about Abdu’l-Baha’s first Christmas in England—but before I do, let’s set the stage by exploring the history of the holiday, which few people understand or even know about.

Have you ever heard of Sextus Julius Africanus?

Probably not. First a pagan soldier in the Roman legions in the late 2nd Century A.D., Sextus Julius later converted to Christianity and became a widely-traveled Christian historian and author. As his last name suggests, he was probably African—likely from the area we now call Libya—although he spoke several languages and traveled extensively throughout the Middle East.

Sextus Julius Africanus wrote a five-volume history of the world called Chronographiai. As far as anyone knows, no copy has survived—but some of his writing did, through subsequent historians like Eusebius, and they’ve had a major impact on those of us who live in the modern era in at least two ways.

First, he determined the age of the world.

After that, he also determined the exact date of Christmas.

Here’s how he did it: in his five-volume work, Sextus Julius wrote out the world’s timeline from the Biblical Genesis story of creation up to the year 221 AD. That time period—painstakingly assembled and calculated from a close reading of all of the genealogical history and the various “begats” in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament—made up exactly 5,723 years, by Africanus’ count. His calculations measured precisely 5500 years between creation and the incarnation (or Annunciation) of Jesus Christ, which placed the immaculate conception of Jesus on March 25th in the year 1 BC. Adding the standard human gestation period of nine months to that date gave Julius December 25th, the day the world now celebrates as Christmas.

Even as far back as the second century AD, no one knew the precise date when the birth of Christ actually took place. Long before the widespread use of calendars, birth certificates or the observance of regular birthdays, the great distance of time makes exact historical dates impossible to verify. For that reason, Sextus Julius Africanus made his computations. (Despite his evidence, some historians and scientists, including Isaac Newton, believed that the Christian world selected December 25th because the Romans celebrated the Southern winter Solstice on that day, which they called the bruma or the Sol Invictus.)

But Africanus, who first measured the date with his Biblical timeline, has now held sway on popular opinion, and on the Gregorian calendar, for eighteen hundred years. His original calculations are the reason some fundamentalists still insist that the world is only six thousand years old, and they’re also the reason we observe the birth of Christ when we do. With the exception of the Eastern Orthodox Church, which usually celebrates Christmas on January 7th in most places, December 25th has become Christmas for the masses—which brings us back to Abdu’l-Baha’s first Christmas.

Not until 1911, when Abdu’l-Baha initally traveled to the West, did he encounter a modern celebration of Christmas in its Western form. Released from forty years in prison for being a Baha’i, he came to England from the Middle East, and among his hectic schedule of speeches and meetings and public addresses, Abdu’l-Baha:

…witnessed a performance of “Eager Heart,” a Christmas mystery play at the Church House, Westminster, the first dramatic performance He had ever beheld, and which in its graphic depiction of the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ moved Him to tears. – Shoghi Effendi, God Passes By

The drama, written by the English poet and playwright Alice Mary Buckton, who later received Abdu’l-Baha at her home in Byfleet Surrey, tells the tragic story of a woman who fervently prepares for the Christmas visit of Jesus, Mary and Joseph, but then vacillates when a homeless refugee family shows up at her door. Read the play in its original form.

This description of Abdu’l-Baha’s deeply emotional reaction to Eager Heart, written by Lady Blomfield and also included in her book The Chosen Highway, describes a remarkable occurrence:

[Abdu’l-Baha] wept during the scene in which the Holy Child and His parents, overcome with fatigue, and suffering from hunger and thirst, were met with the hesitation of Eager Heart to admit them to the haven of rest which she had prepared, she, of course, failing to recognize the sacred visitors. [Abdu’l-Baha], afterwards, joined the group of players.

It was an arresting scene. In the eastern setting. The Messenger in his eastern robes, speaking to them, in the beautiful eastern words, of the Divine significance of the events which had been portrayed. – The Baha’i World, Volume 4, p. 379.

Try to imagine that actual Christmas vision, if you can. After the applause ended and the crowd had gone home, on the stage among the play’s backdrops, the son of the world’s newest prophet from the Middle East, dressed in flowing robes, tells the play’s actors about the true travails of Jesus Christ, so much alike and akin to the travails of Baha’u’llah and his own family. Just released from four decades of exile and imprisonment, Abdu’l-Baha gathers a group of actors around him and explains the real meaning of Christmas.

Since Baha’is believe that all the prophets of God are one, those incredibly fortunate actors, rather than relying on the all-too-human interpretations of the meaning and timing of Christmas, literally heard it from the source.